CrashCourse

In which John Green teaches you about the Bronze Age civilization in what we today call the middle east, and how the vast, interconnected civilization that encompassed Egypt, The Levant, and Mesopotamia came to an end. What's that you say? There was no such civilization? Your word against ours. John will argue that through a complex network of trade and alliances, there was a loosely confederated and relatively continuous civilization in the region. Why it all fell apart was a mystery. Was it the invasion of the Sea People? An earthquake storm? Or just a general collapse, to which complex systems are prone? We'll look into a few of these possibilities. As usual with Crash Course, we may not come up with a definitive answer, but it sure is a lot of fun to think about.

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In today's Crash Course Astronomy, Phil takes a look at the explosive history of our cosmic backyard. We explore how we went from a giant ball of gas to the system of planets and other celestial objects we have today.

This episode is sponsored by Squarespace: http://www.squarespace.com/crashcourse

Check out the Crash Course Astronomy solar system poster here: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster

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Chapters:
Introduction 00:00
Geocentrism vs Heliocentrism 0:51
Makeup of the Solar System 2:38
Is Pluto a Planet? 3:14
Our Solar System 4:24
How Our Solar System Formed 5:36
Planet Formation Depends on Distance to Sun 7:14
Review 8:57

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PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Follow Phil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer

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--

PHOTO/VIDEO CREDITS
Sun: http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/706436main_20121114-304-193blend_m6-orig_full.jpg [credit: NASA/ESA]
Jupiter: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/hubble/20140515/jupiter20140515-full.jpg [credit: NASA/ESA]
Geocentric celestial spheres; Peter Apian's Cosmographia (Antwerp, 1539): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_spheres#mediaviewer/File:Ptolemaicsystem-small.png
Ganymede: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Noaa_ganymede.jpg
Mercury: http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/gallery/sciencePhotos/pics/CW0131775256F_web.png [credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington]
Understanding Solar System Dynamics: Orbits and Kepler's Laws (2008): https://archive.org/details/OrbitsAndKeplersLaws
Mercury: http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap080116.html
Venus: http://www.msss.com/all_projects/magellan.php
Earth: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=36019
Mars: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.html
Jupiter: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/multimedia/pia04866.html
Saturn: http://www.slate.com/content/dam/slate/blogs/bad_astronomy/2014/06/Ten%20Years%20at%20Saturn/cassini_ugarkovic_saturn.jpg.CROP.original-original.jpg [credit: Photo by NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute/Gordan Ugarkovic]
Uranus: http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1998/35/image/a/
Neptune: http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2014/05/15/neptune_voyager_images_updated_for_portrait_of_the_eighth_planet.html
http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/hs-2014-29-a-large_web.jpg [credit: JHUAPL/SwRI/Dan Durda]
Bennu’s Journey: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=20220&button=recent
http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=11541
Artist's impression of a protoplanetary disk: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk#mediaviewer/File:Artist%E2%80%99s_Impression_of_a_Baby_Star_Still_Surrounded_by_a_Protoplanetary_Disc.jpg
Rocky Ring of Debris Around Vega: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/spitzer/multimedia/pia16610.html [image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech]
Proplyds in the Orion Nebula: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Born_in_beauty_proplyds_in_the_Orion_Nebula

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Enslaved people resisted their condition in a range of different ways. Oftentimes those ways were small and personal. There were also times when that resistance took on larger, more dramatic forms, like with slave uprisings and rebellions. Today, we'll learn about the Stono Rebellion, which was an uprising led by enslaved people in South Carolina in 1784. We'll also talk about ways that enslaved people resisted in general and methods like enforced illiteracy used by those who sought to keep people in bondage.

Clint's book, How the Word is Passed is available now! https://bookshop.org/a/3859/9780316492935


Sources and References
Ira Berlin, Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America (Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998.
Winthrop Jordan, White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550-1812 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1968, reprinted in 2012)
Peter Wood, Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1974).


Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App!
Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Vincent, Emilee Murphy, Michael Wang, Jordan willis, Krystle Young, Michael Dowling, Alexis B, Rene Duedam, Burt Humburg, Aziz, Nick, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Sam Ferguson, Eric Prestemon, Jirat, TheDaemonCatJr, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Jason A Saslow, Justin, Jessica Wode, Mark, Caleb Weeks


Sources and References
-Ira Berlin, Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America (Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998.
-Winthrop Jordan, White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550-1812 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1968, reprinted in 2012)
-Peter Wood, Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1974).
__

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#crachcourse #history #rebellion

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Welcome to Crash Course World History Office Hours! John Green and Cathy Keller answer your questions on the Russian Revolution, discuss the origin of nation states, and talk about the best way to approach studying history.

Thank you to Flipgrid for sponsoring this series. Check them out here: https://info.flipgrid.com/

00:00 Introduction
06:02 Causes and effects of the Russian revolution
15:55 Who was Genghis Khan and how was he able to get so much territory?
20:56 How did the Cold War start?
28:17 Kwame Nkrumah and Ghana in African decolonization and the Cold War
31:03 The differences between the Aztecs, Incas, and Mayans
36:09 Ataturk and the origin of nation-states
41:05 What's the best way to look back on history?
44:05 Tips for studying World History
48:24 Why didn't the silk road stretch all the way across Europe?
50:53 Favorite books on history
56:16 Outro

Crash Course Study Skills: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhuwS5ZLwKY&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtNcAJRf3bE1IJU6nMfHj86W

***
Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App!
Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
April Frazier, Dave Freeman, Hasan Jamal, DL Singfield, Lisa Owen, Jeremy Mysliwiec, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Stacey Gillespie (Stacey J), Alexis B, Burt Humburg, Aziz Y, Shanta, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Rachel Creager, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Sam Ferguson, Alex Hackman, Jirat, Katie Dean, Avi Yashchin, NileMatotle, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Justin, Mark, Caleb Weeks
__

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In which John Green, Hank Green, and Emily Graslie teach you about our Sun and the formation of the planets. We're going to focus on the formation and development of the Earth because that's where people live. You'll learn about the Solar nebula, the birth of the sun, the formation of planets, and how the Earth and the rest of the solar system developed over the last 4.567 billion years.

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

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You're already learning on YouTube — why not get college credit for it? https://link.gostudyhall.com/my1

Choosing majors can feel overwhelming and even confusing. It can feel like your whole life can be based on this one choice? And then what happens if you figure out you don't even like this major? Well, don't worry, we're here to help. In this episode, Erica talks to us about what majors are, how to choose one, and how to know if you should consider changing your major.

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Learn more about Federal Student Aid: https://studentaid.gov/h/understand-aid

_______________________________________________
Chapters:
0:00 - Introduction
2:06 - How majors work
3:53 - Selecting classes and balancing your time
6:00 - How and when to declare a major
8:24 - Resources to help you choose a major
_______________________________________________

Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App!
Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Dave Freeman, Hasan Jamal, DL Singfield, Lisa Owen, Jeremy Mysliwiec, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Erin Switzer, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Stacey Gillespie (Stacey J), Alexis B, Burt Humburg, Aziz Y, Shanta, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Rachel Creager, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer, Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Alex Hackman, Jirat, Katie Dean, Avi Yashchin, NileMatotle, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Justin, Mark, Caleb Weeks
__

Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids"

#CrashCourse #HowtoCollege #StudyHall
***

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In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank describes some of the most misunderstood psychological disorders out there: Schizophrenia and Dissociative Identity Disorder.

Want more videos about psychology? Check out our sister channel SciShow Psych at https://www.youtube.com/scishowpsych!
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Chapters:
Introduction: Schizophrenia & Dissociative Disorders 00:00
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders 1:31
Psychotic Symptoms 5:04
Physiological Brain Abnormalities in Schizophrenic Patients 5:43
Diathesis Stress Model 6:49
Dissociative Disorders 8:05
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) 8:44
Review & Credits 10:47
--
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

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In the late 1950s and the early to mid-1960s, a Muslim minister named Malcolm X rose to prominence in the United States during the struggle for Civil Rights. Malcolm X was a member of and spokesperson for the Nation of Islam, and he was a vocal advocate for Black empowerment. His views differed significantly from a lot of the well-known Civil Rights activists of the day, and his views evolved during his ministry. Today, we’ll learn about Malcolm X’s origins, his work with the Nation of Islam, his break from that organization, and his eventual assassination.

Clint's book, How the Word is Passed is available now! https://bookshop.org/books/how-the-word-is-passed-a-reckoning-with-the-history-of-slavery-across-america/9780316492935

VIDEO SOURCES
Peniel E. Joseph, Waiting ’ Til the Midnight Hour: A Narrative History of Black Power in America (New York: Henry Holt, 2006).
Malcolm X, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, With the assistance of Alex Haley (New York: Ballantine, 1992).
Manning Marable, Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention (New York: Viking Press, 2011).
Ilyasah Shabazz, Growing up X: A Memoir by the Mother of Malcolm X (Penguin, 2003).

Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App!
Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Justin Snyder, April Frazier, Dave Freeman, Hasan Jamal, DL Singfield, Jeremy Mysliwiec, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Stacey Gillespie (Stacey J), Burt Humburg, Aziz Y, Shanta, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Breanna Bosso, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Jirat, Katie Dean, Avi Yashchin, NileMatotle, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Justin, Mark, Caleb Weeks
__

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People have been migrating and transplanting since before recorded history, and understanding the reasons why people migrate can help explain some of the cultural, economic, and political patterns we see around the world. Today, we’re going to mostly focus on the Indian diaspora, which is the largest in the world with over 18 million people of Indian descent living outside of India. And through this lens, we’ll teach you about many different types of voluntary and involuntary migration throughout history and around the world.

SOURCES
Migration
Getis, Bjelland, and Getis. Introduction to Geography, 15 ed. McGraw-Hill Education. 2017. ISBN: 978-1-259-57000-1
Gregory, Derek, Ron Johnston, Geraldine Pratt, Michael Watts, and Sarah Whatmore, eds. 2009. The Dictionary of Human Geography. 5th ed. Willey-Blackwell. ISBN: 978-1-4051-3288-6
https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/international-migrant-stock-2019.html
UN Migration Data Sets: https://migrationdataportal.org/?i=stock_abs_&t=2017&m=1

India
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/india/
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/migrate/at-18-million-india-has-the-worlds-largest-diaspora-population/articleshow/80290768.cms?from=mdr
https://www.commonwealthroundtable.co.uk/commonwealth/eurasia/india/diaspora-development-indian-state/#
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.TRF.PWKR.DT.GD.ZS?locations=IN
https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2019/04/08/record-high-remittances-sent-globally-in-2018

Trinidad
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/trinidad-and-tobago/#geography
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/trinidad-and-tobago-history-and-heritage-17893991/
https://scholar.library.miami.edu/emancipation/trade2.htm
https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/blackhistory/india/forced.htm
http://www.caribbean-atlas.com/en/themes/waves-of-colonization-and-control-in-the-caribbean/waves-of-colonization/the-experience-of-indian-indenture-in-trinidad-arrival-and-settlement.html

Persian Gulf
https://www.mei.edu/publications/india-gulf-migration-testing-time
https://www.livepopulation.com/country/qatar.html
https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/migration-data-hub?qt-data_hub_tabs=1#datahub-tabs
https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/global-remittances-guide
https://www.orfonline.org/research/twin-crises-gulf-implications-india-65432/

East (and South) Africa
https://www.vifindia.org/sites/default/files/final-an-overview-of-indian-diaspora-in-africa.pdf
https://idsa.in/africatrends/indian-diaspora-in-africa-a-profile_rkgupta_0614
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/06/15-facts-about-the-indian-diaspora-in-africa/

Refugees
https://www.unhcr.org/figures-at-a-glance.html
https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/refugees
https://www.dezeen.com/2015/11/23/refugee-camps-cities-of-tomorrow-killian-kleinschmidt-interview-humanitarian-aid-expert/
http://popstats.unhcr.org/en/overview
https://www.unrefugees.org/refugee-facts/statistics/
https://migrationdataportal.org/themes/migrant-deaths-and-disappearances
https://www.internal-displacement.org/database
https://www.amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/refugees-asylum-seekers-and-migrants/global-refugee-crisis-statistics-and-facts/

Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App!
Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
DL Singfield, Jeremy Mysliwiec, Shannon McCone, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Brian Zachariah, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Oscar Pinto-Reyes, Erin Nicole, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel A Stevens, Vi

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In which Craig Benzine tries to say certiorari.

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Support is provided by Voqal: http://www.voqal.org
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