Reformed Thinking

Created in God’s Image: Human Nature Before the Fall | John Calvin


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Deep Dive into Institutes of the Christian Religion by John Calvin - Discussion of Human Nature as Created, of the Faculties of the Soul, of the Image of God, of Free Will, and of the Original Integrity of Man's Nature


In his examination of human nature, John Calvin asserts that God originally created mankind in a spotless state of purity, which means people cannot blame the Creator for their subsequent sinful condition. Humanity is composed of a physical body made of earth and a much nobler, immortal soul. Calvin argues that the image of God in humans resides fundamentally in this spiritual soul rather than the physical body, endowing mankind with intelligence, reason, and a capacity to conceive of the invisible God.

Calvin specifically rejects the Manichaean error which claimed the soul is a literal piece of God's essence, clarifying that the soul is a distinct entity created out of nothing rather than an emanation of divinity. He also sets aside complex philosophical models of the soul, determining that it is best understood as having two fundamental faculties: the understanding and the will. The understanding serves as the leader that distinguishes between good and evil, while the will chooses what the understanding evaluates as good.

Before the fall, Adam possessed profound uprightness of mind and a free will capable of choosing obedience and attaining eternal life. His affections were kept strictly within the bounds of reason. However, because his will was flexible and not given the constancy to persevere, Adam fell easily and entirely by his own voluntary choice. God was under no obligation to give man infallible perseverance, leaving Adam fully responsible for bringing about his own destruction. Consequently, the image of God in humanity was severely corrupted and deformed. Calvin emphasizes that this broken image, consisting originally of true piety, righteousness, and intelligence, can only be restored to its complete integrity through regeneration in Christ, who acts as the Second Adam.


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Reformed ThinkingBy Edison Wu