Moses and Aaron go before Pharaoh, and Aaron’s staff becomes a serpent, but Pharaoh’s heart remains hardened.

God sends plagues on Egypt, turning water to blood and bringing frogs, gnats, flies, and disease.

Pharaoh repeatedly refuses to let the Israelites go, even as the land suffers. With each plague, the distinction between Egypt and Israel becomes clearer, and the conflict continues to escalate.