This paper from Nature, written by Yann LeCun, Yoshua Bengio, and Geoffrey Hinton, explains deep learning, a powerful class of machine learning techniques that has revolutionized fields like image and speech recognition. The paper describes the history of deep learning, the key components of deep neural networks, and the different architectures used for various tasks. It also explores the future potential of deep learning in areas like natural language understanding, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.