Deep sea mining: what happened in 2024? You need to know about the industry activity that occurred in 2024. The was a leadership change in the International Seabed Authority (ISA), Norway was going to explore deep sea mining, but didn't, and why my guest, Dr. Andrew Thaler won't sign on to approved deep sea mining as it is written.

In the podcast episode, host Andrew Lewin and Dr. Andrew Thaler discuss significant developments in the deep sea mining industry throughout 2024. Here are the key activities and events highlighted:

• Norway's Exploration Plans: At the beginning of 2024, Norway announced plans to issue exploration permits for deep sea mining of inactive hydrothermal vents in its national waters. This decision surprised many, given Norway's strong environmental stance. However, by December 2024, due to political negotiations and pressure from smaller parties in parliament, Norway scrapped these plans.
• International Seabed Authority (ISA) Leadership Change: A major shift occurred with the election of Letitia Carvalho as the new Secretary General of the ISA, replacing Michael Lodge, who had been pro-mining. Carvalho, an oceanographer and former UNEP official, is expected to bring a more science-based and environmentally conscious approach to the ISA's negotiations and policies regarding deep sea mining.
• Ongoing Negotiations: The ISA has been working on a unitary mining code that covers all types of deep sea mining, including polymetallic nodule mining, hydrothermal vent mining, and seamount mining. Dr. Thaler expressed concerns that this approach could allow the worst forms of mining to proceed alongside potentially less harmful practices.
• Environmental Concerns: The episode emphasizes the environmental implications of deep sea mining, particularly the irreversible damage that could result from mining hydrothermal vents, which are unique ecosystems. The discussion also touches on the potential for new research, such as the "dark oxygen" study, which suggests that polymetallic nodules may play a role in oxygen production in deep sea environments.
• Geopolitical Factors: The episode highlights the geopolitical motivations behind deep sea mining, particularly for countries like the U.S., which is looking to secure access to critical minerals amid tensions with China. This has led to discussions about refining polymetallic nodules in the U.S. to enhance resource independence.
• Technological Advancements: Dr. Thaler notes that advancements in battery technology, such as solid-state and sodium batteries, may reduce the demand for metals sourced from deep sea mining, potentially impacting the industry's future viability.

Overall, 2024 was a tumultuous year for deep sea mining, marked by significant political shifts, ongoing debates about environmental impacts, and evolving technological landscapes.

Helpful Links: 1) Southern Fried Science: https://www.southernfriedscience.com/deep-sea-mining-what-went-down-in-2024/  2) Deep Sea Mining Leadership Change: https://youtu.be/cq7VaQDk_Wc 3) Dark Oxygen in the Deep Sea: https://youtu.be/Sc3gu3gHHOY

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