Some links from the episode:

* The marshmallow studies:

* Original study: Cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification (http://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fh0032198)

* Follow-up: Delay of gratification in children (http://science.sciencemag.org/content/244/4907/933)

* The effect of a delay between choice and consumption on consumption enjoyment (http://science.sciencemag.org/content/244/4907/933)

* The psychological cost of waiting (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022249685900203)

* Psychological expected utility theory and anticipatory feelings (http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.318.8235&rep=rep1&type=pdf)

* Why self-discipline is overrated: The (troubling) theory and practice of control from within (https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/20493585.pdf)

* Delaying gratification depends on social trust (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3685794/pdf/fpsyg-04-00355.pdf)

* Vagal tone and children's delay of gratification (http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797616640269)

* On smartphones:

* Mobile technology habits: Patterns of association among device usage, intertemporal preference, impulse control, and reward sensitivity (https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758%2Fs13423-016-1011-z.pdf)

* Using longitudinal exposure to causally link smartphone usage to changes in behavior, cognition, and right prefrontal neural activity (http://www.sciencedirect.com.udel.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S1935861X15004568)

* Answering the missed call: Initial exploration of cognitive and electrophysiological changes associated with smartphone use and abuse