Provide an interdisciplinary perspective on dental implants, focusing heavily on design, materials, and biological considerations such as the oral microbiome. Specifically, the text explores the evolution of dental implant technology, covering topics like implant materials (e.g., titanium, zirconia, and polymers like PEEK), surface treatments to enhance osseointegration, and various antibiofilm strategies like nanostructures and antimicrobial peptides. Additionally, a significant portion details the principles and diverse techniques of three-dimensional (3D) printing (e.g., stereolithography, material extrusion, and powder bed fusion) and their growing applications in creating dental restorations and surgical guides. Finally, the sources address the microbial shifts associated with peri-implant diseases, contrasting the unique microbial composition of healthy and diseased peri-implant sites with natural teeth.
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