When is a heart attack not a heart attack? Current diagnostic tools are surprisingly inaccurate. 2020 Cade Prize finalist Dr. Russell Medford and his team have developed a “virtual cardiac catheterization” that takes existing CAT scan images and analyzes them using advanced mathematics and computational fluid dynamics. Heart doctors can quickly run this analysis on a desktop and determine whether someone has a blockage and how serious it is. This could eliminate up to 1.5 million unnecessary invasive procedures annually in the United States and Europe.