Dialectician is a noun that refers to a person who is skilled in philosophical debate. 

Coming from the Greek word for ‘the art of conversation’ or ‘debate,’ dialectic is an English word for discussion that sometimes took on a philosophical meaning. By the mid-16th century, our word of the day came to mean ‘philosophical debate’ in some contexts. A dialectician became the word for someone skilled at it. Here’s an example:

Being married to someone who never loses an argument isn’t always a lot of fun. My wife, the dialectician, has an undefeated record when it comes to engaging in philosophical arguments with me.