Episode 2.82

In this episode, Michael and Zach examine the doctrine of baptism using William Lane Craig’s carefully defined taxonomy, focusing not on mode or tradition, but on the central theological question: what, if anything, does water baptism actually do?

The discussion begins by framing baptism as commanded, important, and normative for Christians—while also recognizing that disagreements over baptism, though real, are non-cardinal. From there, the episode walks through Craig’s two broad categories: the figuralist view, which sees baptism as symbolic only, and the realist view, which holds that saving realities are somehow present in the act itself.

Under the realist umbrella, three increasingly strong models are evaluated: occasionalism, instrumental causation, and proximate causation. Each is assessed for biblical coherence, theological consistency, and historical pressure—particularly the early church’s reliance on exceptions such as the thief on the cross, baptism of blood, and baptism of desire.

The episode then turns to Craig’s strongest exegetical argument from Acts, noting that water baptism and Spirit baptism never coincide in the narrative. This observation proves decisive in undermining all sacramental realist models, not merely the strongest versions. Infant baptism is also addressed, with attention to faith as a necessary prerequisite for baptism in the New Testament.

The episode concludes by articulating Craig’s positive position: salvation is by faith alone, while baptism stands as the ordained culmination of conversion—an act of obedience, public identification with Christ, and entry into the visible church. Baptism does not save, but those who are saved are called to be baptized.

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