How does understanding God’s sovereignty as allowing for human freedom influence our sense of moral responsibility?

How does the concept of God’s patience (as during the time of Noah) influence our understanding of His character and judgment?

If God’s judgments in the Old Testament are seen as righteous, how should we interpret divine justice under the New Testament covenant of grace?

If God’s sovereignty includes working through human choices, even sinful ones, how might this affect our perspective on repentance and forgiveness?

If God’s actions are always just, what does that imply about situations where He permits suffering or hardship?

Colossians 1:16