This talk outlines the most common male and female sexual difficulties that arise as a direct or indirect consequence of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Factors affecting clinical assessment and health professional/patient communication about treatment-induced sexual difficulties will then be explored. The biomedical, behavioural and other therapeutic strategies available to improve sexual rehabilitation after cancer treatment will also be addressed in detail. Finally, theoretical, practical and evidence-based approaches are combined, thus offering an integrated approach to comprehensively address this often neglected yet important aspect of cancer survivorship.