In Episode 15, we explore Zafarullah Khan’s insightful analysis of Islam’s foundational values of human dignity, justice, equality, and mercy. Despite these principles being deeply embedded in Islamic teachings, many contemporary Muslims have struggled to embody them fully. Khan highlights the crucial role of ijtehad — intellectual renewal — in shaping a modern Muslim identity rooted in Islamic ethics. We discuss the contrast between the inclusive legacy of the Charter of Madina and the Farewell Sermon of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the often resistant stance towards modern human rights movements. Join us as we unpack Khan’s call for reform and the path toward reclaiming Islam’s proud heritage as a custodian of human rights.