In this episode, host Gavin Feller interviews Dr. Tom Rayner about ADHD, depression, and their treatments. The episode discusses how regular exercise can be effective in treating depression, similar to antidepressants. Dr. Rainer explains ADHD, its symptoms, and how they can be chronically misunderstood, particularly how individuals can internalize negative feedback and criticism, which can lead to depression. 
The discussion delves into the importance of a multi-faceted approach involving medication and behavioral interventions, explaining how stimulants like Adderall and Ritalin work by targeting the frontal lobe. They discuss the challenges in diagnosing ADHD in adults, the importance of comprehensive assessments, and the evolving understanding of gender differences in ADHD presentation. The conversation reviews the personal story of Elise, a mother dealing with ADHD and depression, illustrating how proper diagnosis and treatment can make a big difference. The episode encourages listeners to seek professional help and underscores the importance of patience and systematic efforts in managing ADHD.