The gap between "it worked when we tested it" and "it works in the real world environment" (with end users) is often the failure point of systems design. For systems that deploy successfully and gain user engagement and traction once implemented, teams have to think about owning the entire scope of the journey - from the conception to the testing, training, measuring and improvement of the system. This episode discusses the different types of "end to end" concepts in projects, the skills required for end to end system design and implementation and the rising debate on AI development - specialization vs generalization within the workforce.