Cyber espionage represents a silent but prolific threat for mining operators. In an era of increasing digitalisation, the mining industry has more attack surfaces than ever before. As the race for transition minerals heats up, the sector also has more security-critical information, including geological surveys and M&A planning.
As a result, cyber espionage is rife – most states are both perpetrators and victims. Yet, the clandestine nature of the threat makes it near-impossible to quantify.
In this episode, we speak to William Akoto, professor of foreign policy and global security at American University, and Nilesh Raghoo, associate analyst at GlobalData, to understand the scale and shape of the threat, the technologies that make operators vulnerable and those being used in cyber defence.
Eve Thomas, associate editor of GlobalData’s energy titles, is the host and producer of this episode.
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(00:00) Intro
(01:56) What is cyber espionage?
(02:26) The Night Dragon campaign example
(03:03) Mining operators hold valuable data
(04:41) Attack surfaces in mining technology
(05:21) How operators are reacting
(06:10) Rio Tinto example
(06:36) Who are the perpetrators?
(07:31) Norge Mining example
(07:55) Is cyber espionage illegal?
(09:42) Recorded Future report
(10:02) The scale of the threat
(11:46) AI and quantum computing: a changing landscape