This panel took place at the 2025 International Monetary Fund and World Bank Group Annual Meetings. 

The convergence of artificial intelligence and digital assets, including cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and stablecoins, is reshaping financial markets through decentralized finance, programmable money, and AI-driven trading strategies. While these developments promise efficiency and innovation, they also raise significant supervisory and financial stability challenges around market integrity, systemic risk, and cross-border oversight.

This panel explored how supervisors can harness AI to analyze blockchain data, monitor cryptocurrencies and stablecoins in real time, and anticipate market stresses, including those stemming from decentralized finance and autonomous smart contracts while addressing emerging risks such as cyber threats, privacy concerns, and regulatory arbitrage. It also considered the skills, tools, and global cooperation needed to future-proof supervisory frameworks as these technologies scale.

Panelists:

Denny H. Kalyalya, Governor, Bank of Zambia

Sarah Breeden, Deputy Governor, Financial Stability, Bank of England

Stefan Ingves, Chair, Toronto Centre

Moderator:

Jay Surti, Division Chief, Financial Supervision and Regulation, IMF

Read the transcript here. Read their biographies here. Listen to the podcast here.

Watch the executive panel here.