Recently Approved Antibiotics (2023-2024)

| Drug Name | Approval Date (YYYY-MM) | Mechanism of Action | Indication(s) | Snippet ID(s) |

|---|---|---|---|---|

| Pivya (pivmecillinam) | 2024-04 | Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis | Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) in adult women | |

| Orlynvah (sulopenem etzadroxil and probenecid) | 2024-10 | Oral penem antibiotic | Uncomplicated UTI caused by E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or P. mirabilis in adult women with limited or no alternative oral options | |

| Exblifep (cefepime and enmetazobactam) | 2024-02 | Combines a cephalosporin with a beta-lactamase inhibitor | Complicated UTIs, including pyelonephritis | |

| Xacduro (sulbactam, durlobactam) | 2023-05 | Beta-lactamase inhibitor combination | Hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia caused by susceptible isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex |

Examples of Novel Antibiotic Candidates in Development (2023-2024)

| Candidate Drug Name | Target Pathogen(s) | Mechanism of Action | Stage of Development | Snippet ID(s) |

|---|---|---|---|---|

| Zosurabalpin (RG6006) | Invasive Gram-negative bacteria | Disrupts LPS transport mechanism | Clinical Trials | |

| Cresomycin | Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, MDR strains | Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome | Preclinical | |

| Darobactin D22 | Priority Gram-negative pathogens (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii) | Binds to an essential protein in bacterial cells | Animal Trials | |

| Macrolones | Broad range of bacteria | Dual action: inhibits protein production and corrupts DNA structure | Preclinical | |

| OXF-077 | MRSA | Inhibits the SOS response in bacteria, suppressing resistance evolution | Preclinical |

Key Funding Initiatives and Organizations in Antibiotic R&D

| Organization/Initiative Name | Focus Area | Key Activities/Goals | Snippet ID(s) |

|---|---|---|---|

|CARB-X | Preclinical research | Funds preclinical research and development of new antibiotics, diagnostics, and vaccines|

|GARDP | Research, development, and access | Develops and makes accessible antibiotic treatments for people who need them, focusing on public health needs and LMICs|

|BARDA | Medical countermeasures (including antibacterials and antifungals) | Supports the development of medical countermeasures for CBRN threats, pandemic influenza, and emerging infectious diseases|

|AMR Action Fund | Clinical-stage antibiotic development | Invests in companies to bring 2-4 new antibiotics to patients by 2030, focusing on WHO-prioritized pathogens|

|NIAID (ARLG) | Antibiotic resistance research, clinical trials, diagnostics, stewardship | Supports multisite studies on antibiotic resistance, informs clinical practice, develops diagnostics, and trains researchers|

|Global AMR R&D Hub | Coordination and funding of AMR R&D | Aims to strengthen the global response to AMR by identifying gaps, encouraging collaboration, and monitoring progress in research and development|