Happy Black History Month! In Part 1 of this Month’s series, sam-splains scientific contributions of Granville T. Woods and Dr. Patricia Bath! 

Sources:

1. Biography | Granville T. Woods, Inventor, Induction Telegraph. (Updated 2021). Link: https://www.biography.com/inventors/granville-t-woods   

2. Advancing Physics: APS News. (2023). “November 29, 1887: Granville Woods Patents the Induction Telegraph”. Link: https://www.aps.org/apsnews/2023/10/granville-woods-patents-induction-telegraph  

3. Wilson, TV. How Subways Work. (Accessed 2026). Link: https://science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/civil/subway3.htm  

4. Black Women Physicians: Dr. Patricia Era Bath Inventors Hall of Fame Nomination (Image) Link: https://www.blackwomenphysicians.org/dr-patricia-era-bath   

5. U.S. National Library of Medicine - Changing the fact of Medicine | Patricia E. Bath (Accessed 2026). Link: https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_26.html 

6. Ignotofsky, R. (2016). Women in Science: 50 Fearless Pioneers Who Changed the World. Link: https://rachelignotofskydesign.com/women-in-science 

7. Cataracts | National Eye Institute. National Institutes of Health. (Accessed 2026). Link: https://www.nei.nih.gov/eye-health-information/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts  

8. Cataract Surgery | American Academy of Ophthalmology. (Accessed 2026). Link: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-cataract-surgery 

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