The human microbiome, a complex and dynamic community of microorganisms inhabiting the human body, has emerged as a critical factor influencing various aspects of health and disease. This intricate ecosystem, comprising bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses, and eukaryotes, resides in association with human tissues and biofluids, playing essential roles in physiological processes that extend far beyond the initial understanding of microbes as mere pathogens. These microbial communities are now recognized for their profound impact on human well-being, contributing significantly to our overall health and susceptibility to a wide range of conditions. The scientific exploration of this field has undergone a remarkable transformation, evolving from initial observations to sophisticated multi-omics investigations that continue to unveil the intricate complexity and fundamental importance of these microbial ecosystems. The sheer number of microbial genes present within the human microbiome, exceeding that of the human genome by several orders of magnitude , underscores the vast functional potential encoded within these microbial inhabitants, suggesting their vital contribution to human biology.