DNS is a critical dependency in nearly every CloudNetX scenario, yet its failures often appear as unrelated application or connectivity problems. This episode breaks down DNS resolution as a step-by-step flow, starting from the client resolver and moving through recursive resolution, authoritative responses, caching behavior, and time-to-live implications. The first paragraph explains how each stage depends on underlying network reachability, correct routing, and accurate configuration, and why DNS is frequently assumed to be “working” until it fails catastrophically. You will learn how resolution paths differ between internal and external queries, how split-horizon DNS supports segmented environments, and why DNS design must align with addressing, routing, and security policy decisions.