Marcus Aurelius, often referred to as the philosopher-emperor, ruled from 161 to 180 CE and is best known for his contributions to Stoic philosophy, as articulated in his seminal work, Meditations. Born on April 26, 121 CE, Aurelius was raised in a favorable social environment, receiving a comprehensive education that encompassed rhetoric, philosophy, and law. His reign was marked by a commitment to duty and a deep sense of moral responsibility, reflecting his Stoic belief in the importance of individual virtue and the common good. Despite facing numerous challenges, including warfare, plague, and political strife, Aurelius remained dedicated to the principles of Stoicism, striving to embody the ideals of wisdom, justice, and restraint throughout his leadership.