Long-term exposure to cold results in chronic physiological adaptations that improve thermoregulation and energy efficiency. We explore three types of cold acclimatization:

1. Cold habituation – Reduced physiological response to cold over time.
2. Metabolic acclimatization – Increased BAT activity and reliance on fat metabolism for sustained heat production.
3. Insulative acclimatization – Enhanced vasoconstriction and subcutaneous fat to improve heat retention.
   We also highlight cold adaptation in Arctic populations, its impact on endurance performance, and its practical applications for athletes and military personnel.