This episode will shed light on how by about 1750, European empires spread across a large part of the Americas, the Aztec and Inca empires were no more, the Ottomans had reached and were now moving past their high point, Russia was expanding eastward, India had been unified, and China was expanding westward. Long story short, huge, land-based and sea-based empires were on the rise and this was because of not only military advancements like gunpowder weapons and professional militaries, but also streamlined bureaucratic systems and societal structures had been put into place to keep the government and society running smoothly.

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