In this episode Dr. John Pournoor, 3M's Global Head of Government Affairs Center of Excellence, returns to continue the discussion on pandemics with a focus on how we prepare for the next crisis before it arises. A "pandemic" is defined by the Dictionary of Epidemiology as 'an epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people'. Throughout history, there have been a number of pandemics, one of the most devastating pandemics was the Black Death, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in 1350. The most recent pandemics include the HIV pandemic as well as the 1918 and 2009 H1N1 pandemics.