While encryption is the gold standard for confidentiality, it’s not the only method for protecting sensitive information—especially in use cases like software development, privacy regulation, or fraud prevention. In this episode, we examine alternative data protection strategies including obfuscation, steganography, tokenization, and data masking. Obfuscation refers to making data or code difficult to understand, deterring reverse engineering or casual access without the need for encryption. Steganography hides data within other media—like embedding files in images or audio—which can evade detection by casual observers or unsophisticated filters. Tokenization replaces sensitive data (like credit card numbers) with non-sensitive substitutes, maintaining format but eliminating value in the case of a breach. Data masking scrambles or hides real data while preserving structure, ideal for testing or analytics without exposing actual information. These techniques are often used in layered strategies, especially in environments that require data utility without compromising confidentiality. They add both flexibility and resilience to modern security architectures.