This episode covers the 1907 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran. The Nobel Assembly chose to give Laveran the award “in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases". The protozoa that Laveran is most known for is the malaria parasite. Topics include Laveran’s identification of the parasite that causes malaria, a description of the life cycle of the malaria parasite, and some of the current challenges in malaria vaccine development.