Real Roman History

Episode 4: The Fall of the Monarchy


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SOURCE NOTESPrimary Sources
  • Livy, Ab Urbe Condita, Books 1.56–2.14 — The principal narrative for the fall of the monarchy and the early Republic, including the Gabii stratagem, Lucretia, Brutus, Silva Arsia, Lars Porsena, and Lake Regillus.
  • Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities, Books 4–5 — Parallel account, often preserving variant traditions; particularly useful on the Porsena episode.
  • Plutarch, Life of Publicola — The primary character study of Valerius Publicola, one of the Republic's founders. Essential for the political atmosphere of 509–504 BCE.
  • Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 34.139 — The passage preserving the alternative tradition that Porsena captured Rome.
  • Fasti Consulares — The consular list, the institutional record that attests Brutus and Collatinus as the Republic's first consuls.
Secondary Sources
  • T.J. Cornell, The Beginnings of Rome (Routledge, 1995) — The essential treatment, including careful analysis of the Porsena problem and the historicity of Lake Regillus.
  • Gary Forsythe, A Critical History of Early Rome (University of California Press, 2005) — Particularly skeptical and useful on the Brutus tradition and the legendary elements of the early Republic.
  • Andrew Drummond, in Cambridge Ancient History Vol. VII.2, Chapter 4 — 'Rome in the Fifth Century' — The standard scholarly treatment of the transition from monarchy to Republic.
  • Emma Dench, Romulus' Asylum (Oxford University Press, 2005) — Illuminating on how Rome constructed its foundational myths, including the Lucretia narrative.
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Real Roman HistoryBy Hugo Prudentius