Pope Stephen II plays his hole card by producing the famous forgery, The Donation of Constantine, "proving" that the Lombards have stolen Ravenna not from the Emperor but from St. Peter. The reluctant Frankish warriors at last agree to make war on the Lombards, and, under the command of King Pepin, do so twice in a year's time. The end result is the creation of the Republic of St. Peter--what historians later call the Papal States. The last tiny remnant of the Papal States is Vatican City, where even today the pope rules with the powers of a medieval king.