Applications are often targeted because they represent the gateway to sensitive data and services, and attackers leave behind subtle but detectable signs when they exploit them. In this episode, we look at indicators of common application-level attacks like SQL injection, buffer overflows, directory traversal, and privilege escalation. These attacks often generate unusual patterns in server logs—such as malformed inputs, repeated error messages, unauthorized file access attempts, or unexpected privilege changes. Indicators can also include altered application behavior, anomalous API calls, or spikes in outbound data correlated with user interaction. We explore how Web Application Firewalls (WAFs), log correlation tools, and behavioral analytics can help surface these events before major damage occurs. Identifying these signs early is essential, as application-layer attacks are frequently the entry point for lateral movement and deeper exploitation. Understanding what compromised applications “look like” in logs and system behavior is a key capability for defenders at any level.