Real Roman History

Episode 6: From Tables to Equality


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SOURCE NOTESPrimary Sources
  • Livy, Ab Urbe Condita, Books II–X (trans. B.O. Foster, Loeb Classical Library; trans. A. de Sélincourt and B. Radice, Penguin Classics, Rome and Italy, 1982)
  • Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities, Books V–XI
  • Cicero, De Re Publica, Book II; De Legibus, Books I–III
  • Cicero, De Oratore, I.44.195 — on schoolboys memorizing the Twelve Tables
  • Fragments of the Twelve Tables (Duodecim Tabulae): collected in E.H. Warmington, Remains of Old Latin, Vol. III (Loeb Classical Library, 1938); also Crawford (ed.), Roman Statutes (BICS Supplement 64, 1996)
Secondary Sources
  • T.J. Cornell, The Beginnings of Rome (Routledge, 1995), Chapters 10–12 — essential
  • Kurt Raaflaub (ed.), Social Struggles in Archaic Rome: New Perspectives on the Conflict of the Orders (Blackwell, 2005)
  • Richard Mitchell, Patricians and Plebeians: The Origin of the Roman State (Cornell University Press, 1990)
  • Claude Nicolet, The World of the Citizen in Republican Rome (University of California Press, 1980)
  • Andrew Lintott, The Constitution of the Roman Republic (Oxford University Press, 1999) — the standard reference on Republican institutions
  • Gary Forsythe, A Critical History of Early Rome (University of California Press, 2005), Chapters 6–8
On the Decemvirate and the Verginia Story
  • Livy III.33–58 — the primary account; extremely detailed and overtly literary in character
  • Ogilvie, R.M., A Commentary on Livy, Books 1–5 (Oxford University Press, 1965), pp. 444–506
  • Cornell, Beginnings, pp. 272–280 on the historicity of the decemviral crisis
On the Twelve Tables
  • Michael Crawford (ed.), Roman Statutes, Vol. II (BICS Supplement 64, 1996) — the authoritative scholarly edition
  • Alan Watson, Rome of the XII Tables: Persons and Property (Princeton University Press, 1975)
  • Theodor Mommsen's discussion in Römisches Staatsrecht (1871–1888) — foundational, though dated
On the Licinian-Sextian Laws
  • Richard Develin, “The Integration of the Plebeians into the Roman Senatorial Class” (PhD thesis, University of Sydney, 1975)
  • Cornell, Beginnings, pp. 334–340
  • The consular list inconsistencies are discussed in Forsythe, Critical History, pp. 284–292
On Debt, Land, and Economic Inequality
  • Moses Finley, The Ancient Economy (University of California Press, 1973)
  • Peter Garnsey, Famine and Food Supply in the Graeco-Roman World (Cambridge University Press, 1988)
  • W.V. Harris, War and Imperialism in Republican Rome (Oxford University Press, 1979) — on the relationship between warfare and economic disruption
On Women in the Struggle of the Orders
  • Susan Treggiari, Roman Marriage (Oxford University Press, 1991)
  • Jane Gardner, Women in Roman Law and Society (Indiana University Press, 1986)
On the Urban Poor and Everyday Life
  • Nicholas Purcell, “The city of Rome and the plebs urbana,” in CAH IX (Cambridge Ancient History, 2nd ed.)
  • Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, Rome's Cultural Revolution (Cambridge University Press, 2008)
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Real Roman HistoryBy Hugo Prudentius