This is the 7th episode of the Algocracy and Transhumanism Podcast. In this episode I talk to Brett Frischmann about his work on human-focused Turing Tests. Brett is a Professor of Law at Cardozo Law School in New York City. He writes a lot about technology and law, and is currently in the midst of co-authoring a book with Evan Selinger (my guest in Episode 4) entitled Being Human in the 21st Century (Cambridge University Press 2017). We have a long and wide-ranging conversation about what it means to be a machine; what it means to be a human; and how the current techno-social environment is changing who we are. You can listen to the episode below or download it at this link. You can also subscribe on Stitcher and iTunes (via RSS Feed). Show Notes 0:00 - 2:24 - Introduction to Brett and his work2:24- 15:20 - Classic Turing Tests and their value15:20 - 23:27 - Approaching the Turing Line from the other side (or the concept of a 'Reverse Turing Test')23:27 - 32:40 - How environments can make machines more human-like and humans more machine-like32:40 - 37:20 - Criteria for a Reverse Turing Test37:20 - 44:15 - A simple example of a Reverse Turing Test based on mathematical ability44:15 - 54:20 - Common sense as the basis for a Reverse Turing Test54:20 - 1:08:10 - Is technology eroding our common sense?1:08:10 - 1:13:00 - Rationality as the basis for a Reverse Turing Test1:13:00 - 1:26:03 - The philosophy of nudging and the creation of machine-like humans1:26:03 - End - Surveillance creep and the surveillance machine  Relevant LinksBrett's Academic HomepageBrett's paper "Human Focused Turing Tests: A Framework for Judging Nudging and the Techno-Social Engineering of Human Beings"My interview with Evan Selinger (Brett's co-author)"Reverse Turing Tests: Are humans becoming more machine-like?" - short post explaining the ideaAlan Turing - 'On Computing Machinery and Intelligence'The Loebner PrizeJohn Danaher - 'The Ethics of Algorithmic Outsourcing: An Analysis'Thaler and Sunstein - Nudge