Internationally known for his innovative approach that revolutionizes this traditional medium, Pappan’s artwork transcends limits as deftly as it highlights them. “As in historical examples of ledger art, the image takes precedence in my work, but I still attempt to preserve the essence of the ledger. The sections intended to separate and categorize information now work to distort my figures. I am appropriating the ledger’s grid pattern and using it to test the boundaries that define the genre.”