Interviewer: MATTHEW ROTH. Anti-vaccine rhetoric is on the rise in the U.S., encouraged now by MAHA-dominated health policies emerging from Washington. It is tempting to paint this as a top-down process, but neonatologist and immunologist BENJAMIN A. FENSTERHEIM argues that the problem runs deeper and is rooted in the institutional arrangements of our healthcare system. In his conversation with historian Matthew Roth, he describes his work caring for newborns, the increasing pushback by parents against routine preventive measures, and his reflections on how the relationship between doctors and patients must fundamentally change to ensure that the best medical decisions are made. Fensterheim is an Attending Neonatologist with the Division of Neonatology at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and an Instructor at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.