耳朵學英文 cronyism, nepotism 裙帶關係

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cronyism

the situation in which someone important gives jobs to friends rather than to independent people who have the necessary skills and experience

將工作分配給朋友而不是具有必要技能和經驗的獨立人士的情況

nepotism

the act of using your power or influence to get good jobs or unfair advantages for members of your own family

利用您的權力或影響力為您的家庭成員獲得良好工作或不公平利益的行為

Nepotism is a form of favoritism which is granted to relatives in various fields, including business, politics, entertainment, sports, religion and other activities.

裙帶關係是施惠給親戚的一種形式，涉及商業，政治，娛樂，體育，宗教和其他活動等各領域。

Nepotism has been criticized since the ancient times by several philosophers, including Aristotle, Valluvar, and Confucius. For instance, the ancient Indian philosopher Valluvar condemned nepotism as both evil and unwise.

自古以來，裙帶關係就被包括亞里士多德，瓦爾盧瓦爾和孔子在內的許多哲學家所批評。 例如，古代印度哲學家瓦爾盧瓦爾（Valluvar）譴責裙帶關係既邪惡又不明智。

Cronyism is giving jobs and opportunities and political breaks and the like to friends and associates, often those who can return the favor with donations to or support of one’s campaign and/or administration. Nepotism is giving jobs to family members. Both are seen as unfair if not corrupt because people are granted opportunity by virtue of connections and self-interest by the one granting the job or opportunity, not merit.

For example, hiring your son or daughter rather than more qualified people would obviously seem unfair to the other applicants.

Cronyism是指提供朋友和同事工作，機會和政治機會等，通常是那些可以通過捐款或支持某人的競選活動和/或行政管理來回饋自己青睞的人。Nepotism給家庭成員提供工作。兩者都被認為是不公平的，即使沒有腐敗，因為人們是透過授予工作或機會的人​​的聯繫和自我利益而獲得機會的，而不是專長優勢。

例如，僱用您的兒子或女兒而不是更有資格的人, 顯然對其他求職者不公平。