耳朵學英文, 大腦#4, 海馬迴 Hippocampus
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海馬迴(英語:Hippocampus),是人類及脊椎動物腦中的重要部分。 ... 其後的很長時間,學界習慣上關於海馬體的作用都被認為和其他大腦邊緣系統一樣,司控情緒。
hippocampus, a part of the brain that is part of the limbic system and is important for memory.
The hippocampus is a small, curved formation in the brain that plays an important role in the limbic system. The hippocampus is involved in the formation of new memories and is also associated with learning and emotions.
海馬是大腦中的一個小而彎曲的結構,在邊緣系統中起著重要的作用。 海馬參與新記憶的形成,並與學習和情緒有關。
在神經科學領域中,H.M.是一個人人皆知的名字。H.M.的全名為Henry Molaison,但社會大眾在2008年H.M.過世後才知道他的全名。H.M.深受癲癇之苦,27歲時在醫生建議下接受了一個新療法:以外科手術移除大腦中一小塊名為「海馬」(hippocampus,又稱海馬回)的組織。手術後的H.M.的確不再受癲癇所苦,卻有個意想不到的副作用:大腦再也無法建立新的長期記憶,或是學習新知識。H.M.仍保有手術前的記憶,但無法建立新的長期記憶,這個現象讓神經科學家推論,海馬的主要任務是形成記憶。
海馬的功能是把資訊轉換成長期陳述性記憶,但與其他認知功能並沒有直接關係。
In 1953, a young man named Henry Gustav Molaison, of Hartford, Connecticut, lost his memory and helped to invent neuroscience. Henry Molaison's amnesia was the result of a highly risky "psychosurgical" procedure, an operation designed to cure the debilitating epilepsy he had suffered since childhood. In an attempt to remove the part of th e brain that was causing Henry's fits, two holes were drilled in the front of his skull and a portion of his brain, the front half of the hippocampus on both sides, and most of the almond-shaped amygdala, was sucked out. The procedure, hopeful at best, went badly wrong and Henry, then aged 27, was left with no ability to store or retrieve new experiences. He lived the subsequent 55 years of his life, until his death in 2008, in the permanent present moment.