Medical Ethics — Ultra-Quick Summary

Autonomy → Patient makes their own decisions (requires capacity + informed consent)

Beneficence → Act in the patient’s best interest

Non-maleficence → Do no harm

Justice → Be fair and equitable

🔑 Key Concepts

Confidentiality → Keep patient info private (break only if risk to others/legal duty)

Informed Consent → Explain risks, benefits, alternatives, and allow refusal

Capacity → Patient must understand, reason, and communicate

⚠️ High-Yield Rules

Capacity present → Respect patient choice (even if wrong)

No capacity → Use surrogate decision-maker

Emergency → Treat immediately

🎯 One-Line Memory Trick:

👉 “A BeNeficial Doctor is Just & Confidential”

(Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-maleficence, Justice + key concepts)