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Every Leader of China, Explained (1949-now)
★Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/williamcfox0:00-58:58 Mao58:59-1:10:19 Hua Guofeng1:10:20-1:48:38 Deng Xiaoping1:48:39-2:09:09 Jiang Zemin2:09:10-2:33:06 Hu Jintao2:33:07-2:57:49 Xi JinpingSourcingChiu, Y., Kardon, I., & Kelly, J. (Eds.). (2024). “The life of the party: Past and present constraints on the future of the Chinese Communist Party”. Carnegie Endowment for International PeaceFewsmith, J. (2008). “China since Tiananmen: From Deng Xiaoping to Hu Jintao”. Cambridge University Press Lampton, D. M. (2014). “Following the leader: Ruling China, from Deng Xiaoping to Xi Jinping”. University of California Press Shambaugh, D. (2021). “China’s leaders: From Mao to now”. Polity Press China After Mao: The Rise of a Superpower Frank DikötterMao: The Unknown Story Jung Chang and Jon HallidayThe New China Playbook: Beyond Socialism and Capitalism Keyu JinSurveillance State 2025 Josh Chin and Liza LinBeijing Rules: How China Weaponized Its Economy to Confront the World Bethany AllenThe Political Thought of Xi Jinping Steve Tsang and Olivia CheungOrganized Loyalty: A New State Ideology for China as a Global Power by Johan Lagerkvist (1st Ed. 2023)Affairs, Ministry of Foreign. “-.” Text. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, September 21, 2025. BBC News. “Five Numbers That Sum up China’s One-Child Policy.” Magazine. October 29, 2015. BBC News. “Jiang Zemin Obituary: China’s Tough-Talking Reformer.” Asia. November 30, 2022. “China’s Great Leap Forward.” Association for Asian Studies, n.d. Accessed September 22, 2025. “Chinese Communist Party (CCP) | History & Party Structure | Britannica.” September 19, 2025Cho, Sungmin. “History Rhymes: The Shou-Fang Cycle in Chinese Politics.” Journal of Chinese Political Science, ahead of print, June 20, 2025. College of Liberal Arts. “Holodomor.” Accessed September 22, 2025. “Eighth Route Army | Communist, Guerrilla Warfare, China | Britannica.” August 25, 2025. “Great Leap Forward Facts | Britannica.” Accessed September 22, 2025. “How Violence Unfolded during China’s Cultural Revolution.” Accessed September 22, 2025. .Jisheng, Yang. “Opinion | China’s Great Shame.” Opinion. The New York Times, November 14, 2012.Taiwan: A New History. Edited by Murray A Rubinstein. 1999. n.d.Mapping software licensed through MapTiler,and GEOlayers. Thanks to OpenStreetMap and Natural Earth.Music by Epidemic Sound: http://nebula.tv/epidemicStock video and imagery provided by Getty Images.
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By William C. Fox★Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/williamcfox0:00-58:58 Mao58:59-1:10:19 Hua Guofeng1:10:20-1:48:38 Deng Xiaoping1:48:39-2:09:09 Jiang Zemin2:09:10-2:33:06 Hu Jintao2:33:07-2:57:49 Xi JinpingSourcingChiu, Y., Kardon, I., & Kelly, J. (Eds.). (2024). “The life of the party: Past and present constraints on the future of the Chinese Communist Party”. Carnegie Endowment for International PeaceFewsmith, J. (2008). “China since Tiananmen: From Deng Xiaoping to Hu Jintao”. Cambridge University Press Lampton, D. M. (2014). “Following the leader: Ruling China, from Deng Xiaoping to Xi Jinping”. University of California Press Shambaugh, D. (2021). “China’s leaders: From Mao to now”. Polity Press China After Mao: The Rise of a Superpower Frank DikötterMao: The Unknown Story Jung Chang and Jon HallidayThe New China Playbook: Beyond Socialism and Capitalism Keyu JinSurveillance State 2025 Josh Chin and Liza LinBeijing Rules: How China Weaponized Its Economy to Confront the World Bethany AllenThe Political Thought of Xi Jinping Steve Tsang and Olivia CheungOrganized Loyalty: A New State Ideology for China as a Global Power by Johan Lagerkvist (1st Ed. 2023)Affairs, Ministry of Foreign. “-.” Text. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, September 21, 2025. BBC News. “Five Numbers That Sum up China’s One-Child Policy.” Magazine. October 29, 2015. BBC News. “Jiang Zemin Obituary: China’s Tough-Talking Reformer.” Asia. November 30, 2022. “China’s Great Leap Forward.” Association for Asian Studies, n.d. Accessed September 22, 2025. “Chinese Communist Party (CCP) | History & Party Structure | Britannica.” September 19, 2025Cho, Sungmin. “History Rhymes: The Shou-Fang Cycle in Chinese Politics.” Journal of Chinese Political Science, ahead of print, June 20, 2025. College of Liberal Arts. “Holodomor.” Accessed September 22, 2025. “Eighth Route Army | Communist, Guerrilla Warfare, China | Britannica.” August 25, 2025. “Great Leap Forward Facts | Britannica.” Accessed September 22, 2025. “How Violence Unfolded during China’s Cultural Revolution.” Accessed September 22, 2025. .Jisheng, Yang. “Opinion | China’s Great Shame.” Opinion. The New York Times, November 14, 2012.Taiwan: A New History. Edited by Murray A Rubinstein. 1999. n.d.Mapping software licensed through MapTiler,and GEOlayers. Thanks to OpenStreetMap and Natural Earth.Music by Epidemic Sound: http://nebula.tv/epidemicStock video and imagery provided by Getty Images.
Get full access to Present Prologue History at williamcfox.substack.com/subscribe