Evidence for a Massive Andromeda Galaxy Using Satellite Galaxy Proper Motions by Ekta Patel et al. on Wednesday 30 November

We present new mass estimates for Andromeda (M31) using the orbital angular

momenta of four satellite galaxies (M33, NGC 185, NGC 147, IC 10) derived from

existing proper motions, distances, and line-of-sight velocities. We infer two

masses for M31: $M_{\rm vir}= 2.81^{+1.48}_{-0.75}\times10^{12}\, M_{\odot}$

using satellite galaxy phase space information derived with HST-based M31

proper motions and $M_{\rm vir}=2.99^{+1.32}_{-0.68}\times10^{12}\, M_{\odot}$

using phase space information derived with the weighted average of

HST+Gaia-based M31 proper motions. The precision of our new M31 mass estimates

(23-53%) improves by a factor of two compared to previous mass estimates using

a similar methodology with just one satellite galaxy and places our results

amongst the highest precision M31 estimates in recent literature. Furthermore,

our results are consistent with recently revised estimates for the total mass

of the Local Group (LG), with the stellar mass--halo mass relation, and with

observed kinematic data for both M31 and its entire population of satellites.

An M31 mass $> 2.5 \times 10^{12}\, M_{\odot}$ could have major implications

for our understanding of LG dynamics, M31's merger and accretion history, and

our understanding of LG galaxies in a cosmological context.

arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.15928v1