Welcome back to This Day in Scottish History. I'm your host, Colin MacDonald. Today, we journey to a remote and windswept outcrop in the North Atlantic Ocean—Rockall. On this day, February 11, 1972, the United Kingdom formally annexed Rockall, integrating it into Scotland’s jurisdiction. This marked the climax of a long and intriguing history surrounding one of the most isolated and mysterious places in the British Isles.

To the untrained eye, Rockall is nothing more than a barren lump of granite, rising just 18 meters above the waves of the Atlantic. It is located approximately 230 miles west of Scotland’s Outer Hebrides, making it one of the most remote islets in the world. But beneath its seemingly insignificant surface lies a history woven with adventure, politics, and international disputes.

The first recorded sighting of Rockall dates back to 1810, when a Royal Navy surveyor, Basil Hall, landed on the rock and sketched its features. Over the years, Rockall became an ominous landmark for sailors, serving as both a navigational point and a hazardous obstacle in the rough North Atlantic seas. For much of its existence, it remained untouched, uninhabited, and unclaimed—until the 20th century.

So, why was Rockall formally claimed by the UK in 1972? The answer lies beneath the ocean floor. In the years following World War II, advancements in deep-sea exploration revealed that the seabed surrounding Rockall contained vast reserves of oil and gas. As Britain sought to secure control over its offshore resources, Rockall became a strategic asset. By claiming sovereignty over the rock, the UK could potentially extend its exclusive economic zone (EEZ), granting access to the lucrative energy deposits beneath the surrounding waters.

The formal annexation of Rockall took place under the Rockall Act 1972, which declared it part of Inverness-shire, Scotland. This move was largely symbolic, reinforcing the UK's claim over the territory in response to possible challenges from neighboring countries such as Ireland, Iceland, and Denmark.

However, despite Britain’s claim, Rockall has remained a subject of dispute. Under international law, an uninhabitable rock does not automatically extend a nation’s territorial waters or grant exclusive rights to the surrounding seabed. While the UK firmly asserts its sovereignty over Rockall itself, its control over the surrounding marine resources remains contested, particularly by Ireland, which does not recognize British jurisdiction over the islet.

Beyond politics, Rockall has captured the imagination of adventurers and survivalists. In 1955, a team of Royal Marines landed on Rockall and hoisted the Union Jack, reinforcing Britain's de facto control over the rock. In 1985, British SAS soldier Tom McClean lived on Rockall for 40 days, setting a record for the longest continuous stay. More recently, in 2014, adventurer Nick Hancock spent 45 days on the islet, enduring extreme weather and isolation.

For Scotland, Rockall remains a peculiar yet significant part of its maritime heritage. While no one is likely to settle on the rock permanently, its legacy as a symbol of national pride, strategic interest, and survivalist challenge endures.

That’s all for today’s episode of This Day in Scottish History. Join us next time as we uncover another remarkable chapter from Scotland’s past. I'm Colin MacDonald—Haste Ye Back!

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