Long before flowers bloomed, the world was ruled by leafy giants that reproduced without seeds. 🌿🌧️ In this episode of Deep Dive, we uncover the world of ferns and their allies—vascular plants that spread through spores, not seeds. Learn how these ancient plants transport water and nutrients through specialized tissues, and how their life cycle balances between the gametophyte and sporophyte generations. From forest floors to tropical canopies, ferns remain vital players in modern ecosystems. Let’s explore the elegant, spore-driven world of the paprotniki! 🌱🔬