Jules White's framework for effective prompt design outlines five crucial components for interacting with AI: instructions, which specify the task; information, which provides necessary context; patterns/examples, which offer models for imitation; output format, which dictates the structure; and trigger, which initiates the response. Mastering these components allows users to create prompts that yield more accurate, creative, and goal-oriented results from language models. The document emphasizes a systematic approach to prompt engineering, comparing it to guiding an intern, and discusses advanced techniques like layered and chained prompting. By understanding and utilizing these five elements, individuals can significantly improve the quality and reliability of AI-generated content across various applications.