Today on EconWorks, we conclude our deep dive into the FAANG antitrust landscape by looking at the “invisible hands” of platform operators.

Key Topics Discussed:

* The Shift in Enforcement: Why U.S. antitrust complaints are focusing on user choice architecture and market access rather than just price.

* The Five Pillars of Conduct: Default placement (Google), App Store rules (Apple), Marketplace ranking (Amazon), Feed curation (Meta), and OS integration (Microsoft).

* Feedback Loop Dynamics: How data accumulation creates self-reinforcing cycles of usage and performance.

* The Future of Policy: Assessing innovation, access, and interoperability in platform-mediated markets.

Technical Deep Dive: For our paid subscribers, we have released a technical appendix featuring a simplified economic model that assesses how these governance choices affect new business entry and innovation incentives. To access the full report, visit

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