Why does a continent rich in resources struggle to translate growth into development? This episode examines Africa’s economic history before and after independence, tracing the shift from productive, self-sustaining economies to systems structured around extraction and dependency. By exploring pre-colonial production, colonial economic restructuring, and post-independence development strategies, the discussion reveals how historical disruptions and global inequalities continue to shape African economic outcomes. This episode offers essential context for understanding Africa’s ongoing struggle for economic sovereignty and sustainable growth.