This episode reviews a systematic review and meta-analysis published in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry in 2026, focusing on the neuropsychological side effects of contemporary radiofrequency ablative neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders compared to conventional neurosurgical procedures. The abstract highlights the persistent challenge of treatment-resistant psychiatric conditions and the underutilization of neurosurgery due to historical concerns about neuropsychological sequelae. This discussion aims to provide clinicians with a data-driven comparison of safety profiles, informing the careful consideration of neurosurgical interventions for severe psychiatric illness. This content is for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice.