In this episode, we review cholelithiasis, focusing on gallstone formation, risk factors, and classic clinical presentations. We break down biliary colic versus complications, key physical exam findings, and the most appropriate diagnostic imaging. The discussion also covers management strategies, including indications for surgical referral and how to distinguish uncomplicated gallstones from more serious biliary disease. A practical, high-yield review designed for PA students and clinicians managing common abdominal complaints.

References

1) Bushardt RL, Colomb-Lippa DM, Klinger AM, Reed H. The JAAPA QRS Review for PAs: Study Plan and Guide for PANCE and PANRE. 1st ed. LWW; 2021. ISBN: 9781975143817.

2) Cholelithiasis. Merck Manual Professional Version. Merck & Co Inc. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/hepatic-and-biliary-disorders/gallbladder-and-bile-duct-disorders/cholelithiasis. Accessed January 22, 2026.

3) Gutt C, Schläfer S, Lammert F. The Treatment of Gallstone Disease. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2020 Feb 28;117(9):148-158. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0148. PMID: 32234195

4) Reshetnyak VI. Concept of the pathogenesis and treatment of cholelithiasis. World J Hepatol. 2012 Feb 27;4(2):18-34. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v4.i2.18. PMID: 22400083