Summary of Genesis Chapter 21

Genesis Chapter 21 recounts the fulfillment of God’s promise to Abraham and Sarah regarding the birth of their son Isaac, as well as the subsequent events involving Hagar and Ishmael.

The Birth of Isaac:

The chapter begins with the announcement that the Lord has been gracious to Sarah, fulfilling His promise. Sarah gives birth to a son, Isaac, at the age of 90, just as God had promised.

Abraham names his son Isaac, which means "laughter," reflecting the joy and amazement of both parents at the miraculous birth.

Circumcision of Isaac:

Abraham circumcises Isaac on the eighth day, in obedience to God’s command regarding the covenant of circumcision established in Chapter 17.

Sarah’s Joy and Conflict:

Sarah expresses her joy, saying, “God has brought me laughter, and everyone who hears about this will laugh with me” (Genesis 21:6). She also expresses her desire to see Hagar and her son Ishmael removed from their household.

The presence of Hagar and Ishmael creates tension, particularly as Ishmael mocks Isaac during a celebration for Isaac’s weaning.

Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away:

Sarah insists that Abraham send Hagar and Ishmael away, stating that Ishmael will not share in the inheritance with Isaac. This request distresses Abraham, but God reassures him, telling him to listen to Sarah, as Isaac is the child of promise.

God promises Abraham that He will also make a nation from Ishmael because he is Abraham’s son.

Hagar’s Journey:

Abraham provides Hagar with provisions and sends her and Ishmael away. They wander in the desert of Beersheba, running out of water.

In despair, Hagar places Ishmael under a bush and moves away, not wanting to see him die. However, God hears the boy’s cries.

God’s Provision:

God calls to Hagar from heaven, reassuring her and telling her not to be afraid. He opens her eyes to see a well of water nearby, and she fills her water skin and gives Ishmael a drink.

God promises that Ishmael will become a great nation, and Hagar recognizes God’s provision and care for them.

Ishmael’s Growth:

The chapter concludes with a note that God was with Ishmael as he grew up in the wilderness and became an expert archer. He eventually settles in the desert of Paran and marries an Egyptian woman.

Key Themes

• Fulfillment of God’s Promises: The birth of Isaac represents the fulfillment of God’s promise to Abraham and Sarah, emphasizing God’s faithfulness and timing.
• Joy and Laughter: The name Isaac, meaning "laughter," reflects the joy and surprise of God’s miraculous provision, highlighting the theme of joy in God’s blessings.
• Conflict and Resolution: The tension between Sarah and Hagar illustrates the complexities of human relationships and the consequences of earlier decisions. God’s reassurance to Abraham and provision for Hagar and Ishmael demonstrate His care for all His creation.
• Divine Care: God’s intervention in Hagar and Ishmael’s plight emphasizes His compassion and provision for those in need, regardless of their status.

Genesis Chapter 21 is significant in the narrative of Abraham, showcasing the fulfillment of God’s promises and the unfolding of His plan for both Isaac and Ishmael.