Formal education is meant to nurture talent—but for some of history’s greatest minds, it proved an obstacle rather than a pathway. From the self-taught mathematical brilliance of Srinivasa Ramanujan to innovators like Michael Ventris, many geniuses struggled within universities that failed to recognize or reward radical originality. In this episode, we explore why highly creative thinkers so often clash with academic systems, what psychology suggests about the limits of prolonged formal training, and how institutions built to transmit knowledge can end up filtering out the most unconventional ideas. The story asks whether schooling refines genius—or whether true originality survives only when education knows when to step aside.

Robinson, Andrew, 'The schooling of genius', Genius: A Very Short Introduction, Very Short Introductions (Oxford, 2011; online edn, Oxford Academic, 24 Sept. 2013), https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199594405.003.0003