# February 27, 1940: "Gone with the Wind" Sweeps the Academy Awards

On February 27, 1940, the 12th Academy Awards ceremony took place at the Coconut Grove nightclub in the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, and it became one of the most legendary nights in Oscar history. David O. Selznick's epic Civil War romance **"Gone with the Wind"** dominated the evening in spectacular fashion, winning an unprecedented eight competitive Academy Awards plus two honorary awards.

The film's triumph was historic on multiple levels. Most significantly, **Hattie McDaniel** became the first African American to win an Academy Award, taking home the Best Supporting Actress Oscar for her portrayal of Mammy. In a bittersweet moment that reflected the painful segregation of the era, McDaniel had to sit at a separate table at the back of the room, away from her white castmates. When her name was called, she delivered a gracious and emotional speech, saying she hoped to be a credit to her race and to the motion picture industry. Her win was groundbreaking, though it would be another 24 years before another Black performer (Sidney Poitier) would win an acting Oscar.

The film's other wins included Best Picture, Best Director for Victor Fleming (though George Cukor and Sam Wood also directed substantial portions), Best Actress for Vivien Leigh's incandescent performance as Scarlett O'Hara, Best Screenplay for Sidney Howard (awarded posthumously), Best Color Cinematography, Best Art Direction, and Best Film Editing.

Producer David O. Selznick received the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award that night as well, cementing his status as Hollywood royalty. The film's production designer William Cameron Menzies received an honorary plaque for "outstanding achievement in the use of color for the enhancement of dramatic mood."

The evening was particularly sweet for Vivien Leigh, the British actress who had beaten out dozens of other contenders (including Bette Davis, Katharine Hepburn, and countless unknowns) for the role of Scarlett. Her chemistry with Clark Gable had captivated audiences, and the film had become an instant cultural phenomenon upon its December 1939 release.

Notably absent from the winner's circle was Clark Gable, who lost Best Actor to Robert Donat for "Goodbye, Mr. Chips." Despite being the biggest male star in Hollywood and delivering one of cinema's most iconic performances as Rhett Butler, Gable would never win a competitive Oscar (he had won for "It Happened One Night" in 1935).

"Gone with the Wind's" eight competitive wins set a record that would stand until 1959, when "Ben-Hur" won eleven Oscars. The film's cultural impact extended far beyond that glittering February night—it became the highest-grossing film of all time when adjusted for inflation, a position it still holds today by many calculations.

The 1940 ceremony itself was notable for being the first Academy Awards broadcast nationally on radio, allowing millions of Americans to listen as Hollywood history was made. The evening represented the apex of Hollywood's Golden Age glamour and the culmination of what many still consider the greatest year in American cinema history: 1939, which also saw the release of "The Wizard of Oz," "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington," and "Stagecoach."

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