Personality refers to individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving. The study of personality focuses on two broad areas: One is understanding individual differences in particular personality characteristics, such as sociability or irritability. People fall into one of the four types based on how they rank on the big five personality traits: Openness, Agreeableness, Extraversion, Neuroticism and Contentiousness. The term dark personalities refer to a set of socially aversive traits (such as spitefulness, greed, sadism, narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) in the subclinical range. The dark personalities have been associated with some of humanity's greatest vices and also humanity's key virtues. Psychology reveals a new personality type: dark empaths. This personality type defines those people who seem cold and have dark personality traits, but who also are kind, compassionate, and emotionally connect to others.